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When we are calculating to obtain the fuel burn against the fuel map and the gradability for flexible passing and steep climbs, the typical cycles we use are: Highway Cycle: No stops and starts. Exponentially High power demand pushing the wind out of the at 100 km/hr Suburban cycle: intermittant, regular stop start/acceleration up to around 80 km/hr, freeways 100 Less power demand than highway. City Cycle: Intermittant, constant stop start, interruption by traffic, regular acceleration power More power demand than suburban, more braking Idle: No power demand, no braking Regenerative braking has a chance in City Cycle, much less change in Suburban cycle and on Highway for its 5 hour travel without stopping at maximum power demand/battery drain, only charges down hills.

Well they go into all sorts of markets, but their typical intermittant power configurations and high rpm profiles don't suit aero engines which ideally need low rpm and intermittant power.

The Non PHEV only saves a token amount of CO2 at the expense of dual power systems, dual drives etc so greater coefficient of friction, smaller engine working harder. Electric is not maintenance free, just as electronics have become a persistent ICE cost with ABS failures, multiple engine light issues etc which rack up hours of service and the hours are multiplied by all the crap you have to take off the get to the faulty part which is usually an $8.00 plastic item. PHEV was primarily brought in to Europe to qualify for the magic Zero Emission Targets. I do a yearly analysis on EV and was surprised to see market share on HEV falling; didn't find the reasons.

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The primary criticism has been that Toyota has said it's not marketing EV as a primary product. You have to remember that EV didn't start yesterday in Japan; there was EV product in Japan in the early 1980s. I was nearly run over by one silently turning left in Tokyo. I drove four different electric trucks in Tokyo in the mid 1990s and am on the record as saying they had the performance of a 5 litre V8 petrol. The problems have been cost, durability, infastructure, range, excessive CO2 output during production of material and parts and platform development cost. In that link you are not reading the usual prublic relations spokesperson positioning; that's the Chief Engineer saying what works and what they can't achieve just yet in HICE.

I provided a specific link of the Toyota Australian announcement; here it is again: https://www.goauto.com.au/news/toyota/hiace/hydrogen/toyota-explains-hot-hydrogen-tech-advantages/2023-11-14/92417.html It was a very significant announcement of the direction they are going to take from and as I mentioned came from their Commercial Vehicle Chief Engineer and their Australian senior manager of vehicle evaluation. The Chief Engineer outlined the development to date so you can see what they have been addressing.

No, the new concept is HICE powered by Hydrogen gas i.e. not fuel cell and not hybrid, although they continue to roll out the hybrid models they promised two elections ago. Key points are tooling and development cost are minimal since the engine is Virtually CO2 free and meets our Particulate emission levels. The only development work to be done is to reduce NOx levels slightly. The announcement was just a few days ago.

The new concept is ICE not hybrid.

As luck would have it Toyota announced their position for Australia just a couple of weeks ago: This from their Commercial Vehicle Chief Engineer and their Australian senior manager of vehicle evaluation: https://www.goauto.com.au/news/toyota/hiace/hydrogen/toyota-explains-hot-hydrogen-tech-advantages/2023-11-14/92417.html How well does that work on the outer suburban and highway cycle?

Human Factors, and she was an accepted skilled pilot. I had an engine stop during taxy once after I ritually turned the tap a quarter during startup checks. The previous student had forgotten to turn the fuel off on shutdown. That taught me to "identify". I've also caught myself touching gauges to "confirm" but with no recollection of the gauge reading. Pays to just assess yourself now and then. If you radio in a mid flight emergency, you'll be asked what your endurance is and you are supposed to answer back in minutes. If you do fuel checks every 10 minutes and keep a record of fuel burn for each tank, perhaps you'd be less likely to switch to an empty tank.

....in the palm of their hand so to speak. Not many people know that bull has an ability to absorb huge pain while carryin on. (We apologise for that unfortunate term, perhaps "while fighting in the trenches" would be better.) and during recent major surgery during post covid, when there was not enough anaesthetic to go round because they had to gas anti vaxxers to give them just a tiny shot, bull had talked Cynthia, a well endowed nurse to sneak him a glass of Queensland bundy while the surgeons were cutting. At one stage it looked like a race between Cynthia and the Surgeons cutting his mouth away, but bull just said "Leave It!" in that slow Queensland ......................

The EV evangelists should take a very close look at the typical thermal runaway flame pattern shooting out, mainly sideways compared to the natural flames of the truck component. This is what is being captured on video on e-scooters, e-bikes, e-cars on a regular basis. While some gullible people tell us there is new battery technology on the way, I was first promised this new technology with magic range, magic weight, magic safety by a manufacturer in 1986, 37 years ago. Janus started modifying Prime Movers a few years ago and you can take your ICE truck in and come back and pick it up as a BEPM. To be fair to them, they recognised the main weakness, short battery range at cruise power, and came up with an exchange battery concept putting their money were their mouth was and actually building their own infrastructure of change stations with Fork trucks and quick connectors. Given that an over the road Prime Mover averages 250,000 km/year and a shuttle Prime Mover 350,000 km/year (where its fuel cost equals its prime cost in 12 to 18 months the exchange battery concept is not numerically viable because the batteries can't be charged fast enough, but applications like metro delivery of cement where annual distance can be 40,000 to 90,000 km are viable - a bit like the daily commuter who buys an EV to drive to the railway station or has a short commute. Thermal runaway though is something the industry has to face up to, and has caused many jurisdictions to prohibit the storage of EVs on ground or underground floors of multi-story buildings, forcing EV owners to charge their cars out on the street; anither challenge the EV industry so far hasn't solved.

.......stopped for a minute to grab the cash out of the fountain. (The "New Australians" as Tasmanians were now called, in line with the stubborn refusal to recognise any State other than "Mainland") Tasmanians were always short of a dollar from the time they were paid a "penny a gross" for picking apples, and now with cash in ther pockets they hit the bars in .......................

6500 rpm max torque? Intermittent power application in sub zero atmosphere?

..............neat vegetable patches where they's dozed a garder with a D7 at the Footscray Cemetery. The Italian Mafia had accelerated their progress and the Lebanese and Palestinians had them on the run, but as they entered .........................

........double-spit on the good burghers of Melbourne. Their early support encouraged them to keep marching and climbing until they reached Lygon St and climbed on the Statue of Franco Cozzo who is famous for advertising his hideous furniture in what he called Foot-escray. At the first spit 50 Italian Latte Joint bodyguards, whose job was normally to throw you out if you used a knife on spaghetti, descended on the Tasmanian Devils who started to run, but were easily identified by their pale skin. Unforunately those who hadn't already been beaten up or shot or knifed strayed into the Lebanese section where they were ..........................

.....spectacular. They now had AI-Enhanced (AIE) stereoscopic vision. A mini HUD [avref] display had been implanted in one of the four eyes and this showed where the ball was ("your six o'clock" etc) how far way it was (less running if it was coming your way) and where you had to stand for it to drop into your hands (Turbine had offered a fourhand package for an extra $285,000 pp, but this was rejected - they just wanted a fair go). This group called themselves the Tasmanian Devils, an emotional but now inaccurate description since the minute Tasmania docked with Victoria they'd jumped off and could now be heard humping and spitting at night in places like Logan. The first match at the MCG was won by the Tasmanian Devils 48 to 24 and it was noted by some commentators that the ball seemed to come directly to their hands and they had an uncanny ability to predict where it would go. Of course Victoria had strict Diversity rules so things like heads couldn't be referred to. The commentators had to resort to diversions like "he needed two haircuts to get that one", and soon there was ...................

.........it didn't go far enough, and wold be finished before it started. The High Court deliberated for sixteen months and then reconvened and said they woud provide an answer in a couple of years, but in the meantine everyone could play football. There was futher uproar as the......................................................................

Regeneration was a theory developed in the 1960s and it does work to a degree, but has never achieved the goals originally claimed. Using the figures you quoted you still expend 89% to 92% for all of the circuit except the small descent distance instead of 100% and that is offset by the exponentially greater battery drain in the climb segment, so it's a more complex equation. In EV, you still have to replace brake linings and rotors, just at slightly longer intervals. By comparison, a Jacobs brake, which provides engine braking independent of the foundation brake system, can provide up to 160% of engine power in retardation.

One thing I forgot was the charging time; since the flight time will virtually require a complete battery charge, there's the issue of the slow charge rate at the higher precentages so there is a limit to the number of flights per day. Aside from this the real question is what you would want to go electric for? There are no NOx or PM (the emissions which can cause lung cancer) for light aircraft because the dispersal is so wide, so why would you want to bother with the negligible amount of CO2 saved, which ill be zero anyway if the batteries are charged from Australia's power grids.

I would be listening to the South Australians rather than taking that 50 minutes as flight time. There will still be taxy time, and if there's a strong wind around the circuit there will be exponential battery drain, partially made up if there is an equal downwind component. You can't escape physics with flowery words or dreams of battery development; the equation is Exponential power demand = exponential battery drain. You also have to allow a safety margin; people who've used whipper snippers and electric drills will know that even after a full charge the use time on the same job, that is the same battery drain can produce very different times if there is even a short period of hard work, or even if therer isn't. In an aircraft if that happens, it becomes a real forced landing with real consequences. From my memory, in SA they were working on around 30 minutes flight time. While there's been an increase in ICE vehicle fires due to electronics failures, there have been plenty of EV fires shown on video, heaps of them Escooters and bikes, so fire protection will need to be addressed.

....girls learn to walk with three books on their heads and the T&IT asked the High Court to rule on........................

......... dinner plates, soup plates, dessert plates, bread and butter plates, cake plates, and cutlery in such numbers that would confuse the First Lord of the Admiralty. As we know, Tasmanians still set the table in the British Raj layout, and .....

You assume the legal obligation to report any impediment to flying and the consequences of that report. Personally I'd rather have the security of a Dame making that decision. The problem comes if you have a blackout due to that diabetes you just forgot to declare etc. resulting in an accident.