Hi Russ,
I presume you are asking about 4 stroke engine lubricants.
This is a very complicated subject and one that could take a lot to explain .... I will try and keep it short and sweet, so forgive me if I just skim the surface.
The different base stock of oils have pros and cons ... Group 1 mineral base oils are cost effective, have higher aromatic qualities and tend to absorb contaminates and clean through better solvency. Hydrocracks base oils have slightly lower solvency than basic mineral oils but are more stable and have a lower resistance to oxidation from thermal stress. Synthetics are more stable to oxidation but have a lower capacity to absorb and dissolve contaminates, they are quite expensive compared to ordinary mineral base oils.
Some lubricant manufactures try to find the sweet spot by blending mineral base oils and hydrocracks to get both the solvency and stability as well as a lower costs ... I think this isn't a bad approach overall. Some go all the way and use 100% PAO (Polyalphaolefins), which I think is more about marketing than a technical requirement, although I know some will argue differently.
One needs to think of the base oil as the carrier for the additive pack ... the additive pack is the real performance improver and has the biggest over all impact on how well an oil lubricates and protects an engine from wear and corrosion.
No matter what approved lubricant you use, you can't beat a higher frequency oil change .... by doing this you stay ahead of oxidisation, additive depletion and get rid of the abrasive and oxidisations causing contaminates.
Oil and filters are cheap ... I say change them often.
Cheers
Vev